Konsensus Diabetes Mellitus 2011 (updated)

Apakah Diabetes itu?
Menurut American Diabetes Association (ADA) tahun 2010, Diabetes melitus merupakan suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainansekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau kedua-duanya

Klasifikasi DM

Diagnosis DM

Diagnosis DM ditegakkan atas dasar pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah. Diagnosis tidak dapat ditegakkan atas dasar adanya glukosuria. Guna penentuan diagnosis DM, pemeriksaan glukosa darah yang dianjurkan adalah pemeriksaan glukosa secara enzimatik dengan bahan darah plasma vena.Penggunaan bahan darah utuh (wholeblood), vena, ataupunangka kriteria diagnostik yang berbeda sesuai pembakuan oleh

WHO. Sedangkan untuk tujuan pemantauan hasil pengobatan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemeriksaan glukosa darah kapiler dengan glukometer.

New Guidelines for the Treatment of Hyperuricemia, Gout

Gout results from an excess body burden of uric acid, with hyperuricemia variably defined as a serum urate level exceeding either 6.8 or 7.0 mg/dL. Tissue deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in supersaturated extracellular fluids of the joints and in certain other sites results in acute gouty arthritis, chronic arthritis, and renal disease.

The goal of the 2012 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines was to develop systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic recommendations for effective treatments in gout with an acceptable risk/benefit ratio. Four specific areas of gout management covered by the guidelines were urate-lowering therapy (ULT), chronic gouty arthritis with tophaceous disease, analgesic and anti-inflammatory management of acute gouty arthritis, and pharmacologic anti-inflammatory prophylaxis of attacks of gouty arthritis.

The top recommendation is for more intensive education of patients on diet, lifestyle choices, treatment objectives, and management of concomitant diseases; this includes recommendations on specific dietary items to encourage, limit, and avoid.